Facial trauma, also called maxillofacial trauma, is any physical trauma to the face. Facial trauma can involve soft tissue injuries or fractures of the facial bones such as nasal fractures and fractures of the jaw, as well as trauma such as eye injuries. Facial injuries have the potential to cause disfigurement and loss of function; for example, blindness or difficulty moving the jaw can result. Although it is seldom life-threatening.
Facial trauma can also be deadly, because it can cause severe bleeding or interference with the airway; thus a primary concern in treatment is ensuring that the airway is open and not threatened so that the patient can breathe.
Injury mechanisms such as falls, assaults, sports injuries, and vehicle crashes are common causes of facial trauma. Blunt assaults, blows from fists or objects, are common cause of facial injury. Animal attacks and work-related injuries such as industrial accidents are other causes.
Surgical extractions involve the removal of teeth that cannot be easily accessed, either because they have broken under the gum line or because they have not erupted fully. Surgical extractions almost always require an incision. In a surgical extraction the doctor may elevate the soft tissues covering the tooth and bone and may also remove some of the overlying and/or surroundingjawbone tissue with a drill or osteotome. Frequently, the tooth may be split into multiple pieces to facilitate its removal.
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